The southern coast gradually consolidated into the Bosporan Kingdom which was annexed by Pontus in Asia Minor and later became a client kingdom of Rome from 63 BCE to 341 CE. Following the end of Nazi occupation during World War II, indigenous Crimean Tatars were forcibly deported and the autonomous republic was abolished in 1945, replaced with an oblast-level jurisdiction. When Ukraine became independent, Crimea remained a republic within the country, leading to tensions between Russia and Ukraine as the Black Sea Fleet was based on the peninsula. Solar photovoltaic SES plants are plentiful on the peninsula, including a small facility north of Sevastopol. The Crimean Mountains and the southern coast are part of the Crimean Submediterranean forest complex ecoregion.

• 300 people, mainly residing in Kerch.The population number excluding these uyezds is given in the table below.

{

• Following the end of Nazi occupation during World War II, indigenous Crimean Tatars were forcibly deported and the autonomous republic was abolished in 1945, replaced with an oblast-level jurisdiction.

|}

• Aksyonov then said that he asserted sole control over Crimea’s security forces and appealed to Russia “for assistance in guaranteeing peace and calmness” on the peninsula.
• The Isthmus of Perekop connects the peninsula to Kherson Oblast in mainland Ukraine.

{

• Simferopol, the administrative centre of the republic, is located in the foothills of the Crimean Mountains.

|}{

• Here, the narrow strip of coast and the slopes of the mountains are covered with greenery.

|}

This makes for significant seasonal fluctuation in water flow, with many streams drying up completely during the summer. Besides the isthmus of Perekop, the peninsula is connected to the Kherson Oblast’s Henichesk Raion by bridges over the narrow Chonhar and Henichesk straits and over Kerch Strait to the Krasnodar Krai. The autonomous republic was dissolved in 1945, and Crimea became an oblast of the Russian SFSR.

Crimea has been key in Russia’s war in Ukraine

{
• Lake Syvash (Sıvaş or Сива́ш) is a system of interconnected shallow lagoons on the north-eastern coast, covering an area of around 2,560 km2 (988 sq mi).

|}{

• The largest of them is Lake Sasyk (Сасык) on the southwest coast; others include Aqtas, Koyashskoye, Kiyatskoe, Kirleutskoe, Kizil-Yar, Bakalskoe, and Donuzlav.

|}

• To the east, the Crimean Bridge, constructed in 2018, spans the Strait of Kerch, linking the peninsula with Krasnodar Krai in Russia.
• The terrain that lies south of the sheltering Crimean Mountain range is of an altogether different character.
• The autonomous republic was dissolved in 1945, and Crimea became an oblast of the Russian SFSR.

{

• Mean annual temperatures range from 10 °C (50.0 °F) in the far north (Armiansk) to 13 °C (55.4 °F) in the far south (Yalta).

|}

The northern parts of Crimea have a moderate continental climate with short but cold winters and moderately hot dry summers. A subtropical, Mediterranean climate dominates the southern coastal regions, is characterised by mild winters and moderately hot, dry summers. Simferopol, the administrative centre of the republic, is located in the foothills of the Crimean Mountains. Along the southern coast, tourism is extremely important, with Yalta, Gurzuf, Alushta, and Alupka among the main centres.

Occupation and annexation by Russia

Maritime influences from the Black Sea are restricted to coastal areas; in the interior of the peninsula the maritime influence is weak and does not play an important role. Because a high-pressure system is located north of Crimea in both summer and winter, winds predominantly come from the north and northeast year-round. Winds from the northwest bring warm and wet air from the Atlantic Ocean, causing precipitation during spring and summer. Crimea is located between the temperate and subtropical climate belts and is characterised by warm and sunny weather.

CSIRO to cut up to 350 research jobs in major overhaul

The third region is made up of the alpine fold mountains of the south, which form three chains parallel to the southern coast. This range drops steeply to the sea, where there is a narrow coastal plain broken by cliffs and headlands. The mountains have a luxuriant and varied forest vegetation of oak, beech, hornbeam, maple, and other species, which give way to juniper and meadow grasses at higher elevations.

What role does Crimea play in Russia’s war in Ukraine?

The Isthmus of Perekop connects the peninsula to Kherson Oblast in mainland Ukraine. To the east, the Crimean Bridge, constructed in 2018, spans the Strait of Kerch, linking the peninsula with Krasnodar Krai in Russia. The Arabat Spit, located to the northeast, is a narrow strip of land that separates the Syvash lagoons from the Sea of Azov. The republic is coterminous with the Crimean Peninsula, lying between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. Most of the peninsula receives more than 2,000 sunshine hours per year; it reaches up to 2,505 sunshine hours in Qarabiy yayla in the Crimean Mountains. The terrain that lies south of the sheltering Crimean Mountain range is of an altogether different character.

What to know about Crimea, the peninsula Russia seized from Ukraine in 2014

{

{
• Maritime influences from the Black Sea are restricted to coastal areas; in the interior of the peninsula the maritime influence is weak and does not play an important role.

|}

• The republic is coterminous with the Crimean Peninsula, lying between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov.

{

• Greeks colonised its southern fringe and were absorbed by the Roman and Byzantine Empires and successor states while remaining culturally Greek.

|}

• A subtropical, Mediterranean climate dominates the southern coastal regions, is characterised by mild winters and moderately hot, dry summers.

{

• The Genoese–Mongol Wars were fought between the 13th and 15th centuries for control of south Crimea.

|}

• The peninsula is connected on the northwest to the mainland by the Perekop Isthmus, a 5-mile- (8-km-) wide strip of land that has been the site of numerous battles for the control of Crimea.

|}
The Genoese–Mongol Wars were fought between the 13th and 15th centuries for control of south Crimea. However, support for the second question would have restored the republic’s autonomous status within Ukraine. Aksyonov then said that he asserted sole control over Crimea’s security forces and appealed to Russia “for assistance in guaranteeing peace and calmness” on the peninsula. Three days later, several Ukrainian bases and navy ships in Crimea reported being intimidated by Russian forces and Ukrainian warships were also effectively blockaded in Sevastopol. The peninsula is connected on the northwest to the mainland by the Perekop Isthmus, a 5-mile- (8-km-) wide strip of land that has been the site of numerous battles for the control of Crimea.
{

Ukrainians working for Moscow suspected of Polish rail line sabotage

|}
Brines from Syvash supply chemical plants at Krasnoperekopsk in northwestern Crimea. 300 people, mainly residing in Kerch.The population number excluding these uyezds is given in the table below. There are 257 rivers and major streams on the Crimean peninsula; Spinday they are primarily fed by rainwater, with snowmelt playing a very minor role.
{

Southern Coast

|}
The Crimean mountains greatly influence the amount of precipitation present in the peninsula. The plains usually receive 300 to 400 millimetres (11.8 to 15.7 in) of precipitation per year, increasing to 560 millimetres (22.0 in) in the southern coast at sea level. The western parts of the Crimean mountains receive more than 1,000 millimetres (39.4 in) of precipitation per year. The Southern Coast is shielded from cold air masses coming from the north and, as a result, has milder winters.